Cylindrical coordinates to spherical coordinates

Cylindrical coordinate system. A cylindrical coordinate system with origin O, polar axis A, and longitudinal axis L. The dot is the point with radial distance ρ = 4, angular coordinate φ = 130°, and height z = 4. A cylindrical coordinate system is a three-dimensional coordinate system that specifies point positions by the distance from a ...

12.12 Cylindrical Coordinates; 12.13 Spherical Coordinates; Calculus III. 12. 3-Dimensional Space. 12.1 The 3-D Coordinate System; 12.2 Equations of Lines; 12.3 Equations of Planes; 12.4 Quadric Surfaces; 12.5 Functions of Several Variables; 12.6 Vector Functions; 12.7 Calculus with Vector Functions; 12.8 Tangent, Normal and Binormal VectorsSpherical Coordinates to Cylindrical Coordinates. To convert spherical coordinates (ρ,θ,φ) to cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z), the derivation is given as follows: Given above is a right-angled triangle. Using trigonometry, z and r can be expressed as follows: z = ρcosφ. r = ρsinφThe mapping from three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates to spherical coordinates is. azimuth = atan2 (y,x) elevation = atan2 (z,sqrt (x.^2 + y.^2)) r = sqrt (x.^2 + y.^2 + z.^2) The notation for spherical coordinates is not standard. For the cart2sph function, elevation is measured from the x-y plane. Notice that if elevation = 0, the point is ...fMRI Imaging: How Is an fMRI Done? - fMRI imaging involves lying in a large, cylindrical MRI machine. Learn about fMRI imaging and find out about the connection between fMRI and lie detection. Advertisement An fMRI scan is usually performed...Calculate Bhp Per Tonne . One way to determine the efficiency of a boiler is to calculate the pounds of steam the boiler uses per hour. P (kw) = 80 bhp x 0.745699872.Spherical coordinates make it simple to describe a sphere, just as cylindrical coordinates make it easy to describe a cylinder. Grid lines for spherical coordinates are based on angle measures, like those for polar coordinates.

Div, Grad and Curl in Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates. Problems with a particular symmetry, such as cylindrical or spherical, are best attacked using coordinate systems that take full advantage of that symmetry. For example, the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom is best solved using spherical polar coordinates. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: Consider a point in Cartesian coordinates given by (-2, 2√3, 4). Then find the following: a corresponding spherical coordinates a corresponding cylindrical coordinate.The coordinate \(θ\) in the spherical coordinate system is the same as in the cylindrical coordinate system, so surfaces of the form \(θ=c\) are half-planes, as before. Last, consider surfaces of the form \(φ=c\). Nov 10, 2020 · Note that \(\rho > 0\) and \(0 \leq \varphi \leq \pi\). (Refer to Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates for a review.) Spherical coordinates are useful for triple integrals over regions that are symmetric with respect to the origin. Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\): The spherical coordinate system locates points with two angles and a distance from the ... What are Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates? Spherical coordinates are used in the spherical coordinate system. These coordinates are represented as (ρ,θ,φ). Cylindrical coordinates are a part of the cylindrical coordinate system and are given as (r, θ, z). Cylindrical coordinates can be converted to spherical and vise versa.Solution For Give the rectangular and spherical coordinates for the point with cylindrical coordinates:π ... Solution For Give the rectangular and spherical coordinates for the point with cylindrical coordinates:π (48 ,3π ,4) World's only instant tutoring platform. Become a tutor About us Student login Tutor login. About us. Who we are ...Set up a triple integral in cylindrical coordinates to find the volume of the region using the following orders of integration, and in each case find the volume and check that the answers are the same: dzdrdθ. drdzdθ. Figure 14.5.5: Finding a cylindrical volume with a triple integral in cylindrical coordinates.

Integrals in spherical and cylindrical coordinates. Google Classroom. Let S be the region between two concentric spheres of radii 4 and 6 , both centered at the origin. What is the triple integral of f ( ρ) = ρ 2 over S in spherical coordinates?Basically it makes things easier if your coordinates look like the problem. If you have a problem with spherical symmetry, like the gravity of a planet or a hydrogen atom, spherical coordinates can be helpful. If you have a problem with cylindrical symmetry, like the magnetic field of a wire, use those coordinates. Streamfunction Relations in Rectangular, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates 841. Table D.4 Streamfunction for Axisymmetric Flow: Spherical Coordinates.Solution For To convert from cylindrical to spherical coordinates: ρ=−−−−,θ=−−−−,ϕ=−−−− World's only instant tutoring platform. Become a tutor About us Student login Tutor login. About us. Who we are Impact. Login. Student Tutor. Get 2 FREE Instant-Explanations on Filo with code FILOAPP ...Nov 16, 2022 · The third equation is just an acknowledgement that the z z -coordinate of a point in Cartesian and polar coordinates is the same. Likewise, if we have a point in Cartesian coordinates the cylindrical coordinates can be found by using the following conversions. r =√x2 +y2 OR r2 = x2+y2 θ =tan−1( y x) z =z r = x 2 + y 2 OR r 2 = x 2 + y 2 θ ...

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1. Use cylindrical coordinates to find the volume of the region enclosed by the paraboloids, x = 16− 3y2 − 3z2 and x = 6y2 +6z2. 2. Use spherical coordinates to find the volume of the region lying between the spheres: x2 +y2 +z2 = 4 and x2 + y2 + z2 = 16, and inside the cone, z = 3(x2 +y2) 3. Evaluate the following integral by converting to ...geometrical deformation of bubble exists in spherical shape; (b) the growing or collapse speed of the bubble is less than the speed of sound (i.e. the size of the bubble is less than the acoustic wavelength); (c) the fluid is Newtonian and homogenous; and (d) body forces such as gravitational and centrifugal force are ignored.The third equation is just an acknowledgement that the z z -coordinate of a point in Cartesian and polar coordinates is the same. Likewise, if we have a point in Cartesian coordinates the cylindrical coordinates can be found by using the following conversions. r =√x2 +y2 OR r2 = x2+y2 θ =tan−1( y x) z =z r = x 2 + y 2 OR r 2 = x 2 + y 2 θ ...Solution. Recall that to convert from Cartesian to cylindrical coordinates, we can use the following equations: x = rcos(θ), y = rsin(θ), z = z. Substituting these equations in for x, y, z in the equation for the surface, we have r2cos2(θ) + r2sin2(θ) = 4 This can be written as r2(cos2(θ) + sin2(θ)) = 4.The concept of triple integration in spherical coordinates can be extended to integration over a general solid, using the projections onto the coordinate planes. Note that and mean the increments in volume and area, respectively. The variables and are used as the variables for integration to express the integrals.

The mathematics convention. Spherical coordinates (r, θ, φ) as typically used: radial distance r, azimuthal angle θ, and polar angle φ. + The meanings of θ and φ have been swapped —compared to the physics convention. (As in physics, ρ ( rho) is often used instead of r to avoid confusion with the value r in cylindrical and 2D polar coordinates.)In this section we want do take a look at triple integrals done completely in Cylindrical Coordinates. Recall that cylindrical coordinates are really nothing more than an extension of polar coordinates into three dimensions. The following are the conversion formulas for cylindrical coordinates. x =rcosθ y = rsinθ z = z x = r cos θ y = r sin ...Spherical coordinates consist of the following three quantities. First there is ρ ρ. This is the distance from the origin to the point and we will require ρ ≥ 0 ρ ≥ 0. Next there is θ θ. This is the same angle that we saw in polar/cylindrical coordinates.In Example 3.2.11 we computed the volume removed, basically using cylindrical coordinates. So we could get the answer to this question just by subtracting the answer of Example 3.2.11 from \(\frac{4}{3}\pi a^3\text{.}\) Instead, we will evaluate the volume remaining as an exercise in setting up limits of integration when using spherical ...Solution. Convert the following equation written in Cartesian coordinates into an equation in Spherical coordinates. x2 +y2 =4x+z−2 x 2 + y 2 = 4 x + z − 2 Solution. For problems 5 & 6 convert the equation written in Spherical coordinates into an equation in Cartesian coordinates. ρ2 =3 −cosφ ρ 2 = 3 − cos. ⁡.Lecture 6 - clipping - windowing and viewport - scan conversion/ rasterization Last class normalized view volume projective transform followed by normalization Last …Electronics P.E Prep - Relative Stability Vector Analysis: Spherical Coordinates Part 1 Battery Characteristics Amp-Hour Watt-Hour and C rating Books That Help You Understand Calculus And Physics simple formula to calculate batteries requied BEST BOOKS ON PHYSICS (subject wise) Bsc , MscResearchGateNote that \(\rho > 0\) and \(0 \leq \varphi \leq \pi\). (Refer to Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates for a review.) Spherical coordinates are useful for triple integrals over regions that are symmetric with respect to the origin. Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\): The spherical coordinate system locates points with two angles and a distance from the ...

You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The given equation in rectangular coordinates is z = x 2 + y 2 − 8. Find an equation in …

Nov 17, 2020 · Definition: The Cylindrical Coordinate System. In the cylindrical coordinate system, a point in space (Figure 11.6.1) is represented by the ordered triple (r, θ, z), where. (r, θ) are the polar coordinates of the point’s projection in the xy -plane. z is the usual z - coordinate in the Cartesian coordinate system. Cylindrical coordinates Spherical coordinates are useful mostly for spherically symmetric situations. In problems involving symmetry about just one axis, cylindrical coordinates are used: The radius s: distance of P from the z axis. The azimuthal angle φ: angle between the projection of the position vector P and the x axis.Technically, a pendulum can be created with an object of any weight or shape attached to the end of a rod or string. However, a spherical object is preferred because it can be most easily assumed that the center of mass is closest to the pi...In today’s digital age, finding locations has become easier than ever before, thanks to the advent of GPS technology. One of the most efficient ways to locate a specific place is by using GPS coordinates.Oct 2, 2023 · Spherical coordinates use r r as the distance between the origin and the point, whereas for cylindrical points, r r is the distance from the origin to the projection of the point onto the XY plane. For spherical coordinates, instead of using the Cartesian z z, we use phi (φ φ) as a second angle. A spherical point is in the form (r,θ,φ) ( r ... Cylindrical coordinates Spherical coordinates are useful mostly for spherically symmetric situations. In problems involving symmetry about just one axis, cylindrical coordinates are used: The radius s: distance of P from the z axis. The azimuthal angle φ: angle between the projection of the position vector P and the x axis.The Cartesian to Cylindrical calculator converts Cartesian coordinates into Cylindrical coordinates. INSTRUCTIONS: Enter the following: ( V ): Vector V. Cylindrical Coordinates (r,Θ,z): The calculator returns magnitude of the XY plane projection (r) as a real number, the angle from the x-axis in degrees (Θ), and the vertical displacement from ...In order to study solutions of the wave equation, the heat equation, or even Schrödinger’s equation in different geometries, we need to see how differential operators, such as the Laplacian, appear in these geometries. The most common coordinate systems arising in physics are polar coordinates, cylindrical coordinates, and spherical coordinates.

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3. Transfirm the vector field H = (A/p) a., where A is a constant, from cylindrical coordinates to spherical coordinates 4. At point D(5. 120°.75°) a vector field has the value A =-12a,-5ae + 15m.. Finl the wetor component of A that in a) normal to the surface r5 b) tangent to the surface r: c) tangent to the cone 120: d) Find a unit vector ...The derivatives of , , and now become: Figure 2.6b Spherical coordinates. Summarizing these results, we have. We now calculate the derivatives , etc.: Adding the three derivatives, we get. Substituting the values of , , , and , we get for the wave equation. This is often written in the more compact form.Nov 17, 2020 · Definition: The Cylindrical Coordinate System. In the cylindrical coordinate system, a point in space (Figure 11.6.1) is represented by the ordered triple (r, θ, z), where. (r, θ) are the polar coordinates of the point’s projection in the xy -plane. z is the usual z - coordinate in the Cartesian coordinate system. Cylindrical Coordinates Reminders, II The parameters r and are essentially the same as in polar. Explicitly, r measures the distance of a point to the z-axis. Also, measures the angle (in a horizontal plane) from the positive x-direction. Cylindrical coordinates are useful in simplifying regions that have a circular symmetry.Spherical coordinate system Vector fields. Vectors are defined in spherical coordinates by (r, θ, φ), where r is the length of the vector, θ is the angle between the positive Z-axis and the vector in question (0 ≤ θ ≤ π), and; φ is the angle between the projection of the vector onto the xy-plane and the positive X-axis (0 ≤ φ < 2π). described in cylindrical coordinates as r= g(z). The coordinate change transformationT(r,θ,z) = (rcos(θ),rsin(θ),z), produces the same integration factor ras in polar coordinates. ZZ T(R) f(x,y,z) dxdydz= ZZ R g(r,θ,z) r drdθdz Remember also that spherical coordinates use ρ, the distance to the origin as well as two angles: Spherical coordinates consist of the following three quantities. First there is ρ ρ. This is the distance from the origin to the point and we will require ρ ≥ 0 ρ ≥ 0. Next there is θ θ. This is the same angle that we saw in polar/cylindrical coordinates.Spherical Coordinates to Cylindrical Coordinates. To convert spherical coordinates (ρ,θ,φ) to cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z), the derivation is given as follows: Given above is a right-angled triangle. Using trigonometry, z and r can be expressed as follows: z = ρcosφ. r = ρsinφ ….

Jan 21, 2022 · Example #2 – Cylindrical To Spherical Coordinates. Now, let’s look at another example. If the cylindrical coordinate of a point is ( 2, π 6, 2), let’s find the spherical coordinate of the point. This time our goal is to change every r and z into ρ and ϕ while keeping the θ value the same, such that ( r, θ, z) ⇔ ( ρ, θ, ϕ). cal coordinates are presented to demonstrate the performance of the scheme. Keywords: Staggered Lagrangian scheme, control volume, cylindrical coordinates, 1D spherical symmetry, compatible method. 1.CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES In the cylindrical coordinate system, a point P in three-dimensional (3-D) space is represented by the ordered triple (r, θ, z), where: ...In order to study solutions of the wave equation, the heat equation, or even Schrödinger’s equation in different geometries, we need to see how differential operators, such as the Laplacian, appear in these geometries. The most common coordinate systems arising in physics are polar coordinates, cylindrical coordinates, and spherical coordinates.May 9, 2023 · The concept of triple integration in spherical coordinates can be extended to integration over a general solid, using the projections onto the coordinate planes. Note that and mean the increments in volume and area, respectively. The variables and are used as the variables for integration to express the integrals. Electronics P.E Prep - Relative Stability Vector Analysis: Spherical Coordinates Part 1 Battery Characteristics Amp-Hour Watt-Hour and C rating Books That Help You …Nov 10, 2020 · Note that \(\rho > 0\) and \(0 \leq \varphi \leq \pi\). (Refer to Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates for a review.) Spherical coordinates are useful for triple integrals over regions that are symmetric with respect to the origin. Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\): The spherical coordinate system locates points with two angles and a distance from the ... These systems are the three-dimensional relatives of the two-dimensional polar coordinate system. Cylindrical coordinates are more straightforward to understand than spherical and are similar to the three dimensional Cartesian system (x,y,z). In this case, the orthogonal x-y plane is replaced by the polar plane and the vertical z-axis remains ... And as we have seen for the Cylindrical Divergence Case, the answer could be found in the steps of derivations for Divergence in Spherical Coordinates. I have already explained to you that the derivation for the divergence in polar coordinates i.e. Cylindrical or Spherical can be done by two approaches.Table with the del operator in cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Operation. Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) Cylindrical coordinates (ρ, φ, z) Spherical coordinates (r, θ, φ), where θ is the polar angle and φ is the azimuthal angle α. Vector field A. Cylindrical coordinates to spherical coordinates, yt.geometry.coordinates.api module; yt.geometry.coordinates.cartesian_coordinates module. CartesianCoordinateHandler. CartesianCoordinateHandler.axis_id, The derivatives of , , and now become: Figure 2.6b Spherical coordinates. Summarizing these results, we have. We now calculate the derivatives , etc.: Adding the three derivatives, we get. Substituting the values of , , , and , we get for the wave equation. This is often written in the more compact form., Objectives: 1. Be comfortable setting up and computing triple integrals in cylindrical and spherical coordinates. 2. Understand the scaling factors for triple integrals in cylindrical and spherical coordinates, as well as where they come from. 3. Be comfortable picking between cylindrical and spherical coordinates., Cylindrical to spherical To transform cylindrical coordinates to spherical coordinates use the functions: cylinder2sphere, cylinder2sphere_r, cylinder2sphere_f,cylinder2sphere_t r f Cylinder x z y Example r s = r c 2 + z 2 2 ylinder2cartesian c1 ,2 ,3d= -0.416 0.909 3 t= arctan ef r c z ylinder2cartesian_x c1 ,2 ,3d=-0.416 ylinder2cartesian_y ..., Heterogeneous equations in cylindrical coordinates can be solved using various numerical methods. One approach is to use iterative methods that approximate the lower part of …, Cylindrical coordinate system. A cylindrical coordinate system with origin O, polar axis A, and longitudinal axis L. The dot is the point with radial distance ρ = 4, angular coordinate φ = 130°, and height z = 4. A cylindrical coordinate system is a three-dimensional coordinate system that specifies point positions by the distance from a ... , ResearchGate, Solution For To convert from cylindrical to spherical coordinates: ρ=−−−−,θ=−−−−,ϕ=−−−− World's only instant tutoring platform. Become a tutor About us Student login Tutor login. About us. Who we are Impact. Login. Student Tutor. Get 2 FREE Instant-Explanations on Filo with code FILOAPP ..., The point with spherical coordinates (8, π 3, π 6) has rectangular coordinates (2, 2√3, 4√3). Finding the values in cylindrical coordinates is equally straightforward: r = ρsinφ = 8sinπ 6 = 4 θ = θ z = ρcosφ = 8cosπ 6 = 4√3. Thus, cylindrical coordinates for the point are (4, π 3, 4√3). Exercise 1.7.4. , Nov 17, 2020 · Definition: The Cylindrical Coordinate System. In the cylindrical coordinate system, a point in space (Figure 11.6.1) is represented by the ordered triple (r, θ, z), where. (r, θ) are the polar coordinates of the point’s projection in the xy -plane. z is the usual z - coordinate in the Cartesian coordinate system. , 8.1 In the cylindrical coordinate system 12 8.2 In the spherical coordinate system 13 9 Heat flux of the relativistic fluids 14 9.1 Heat flux in the cylindrical coordinate system 14 9.2 Heat flux in the spherical coordinate system 14 10 Heat flux energy momentum tensor 14 10.1 Heat flux energy momentum tensor in the cylindrical coordinate 15, Use the following figure as an aid in identifying the relationship between the rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems. For exercises 1 - 4, the cylindrical coordinates \( (r,θ,z)\) of a point are given. , (r, f, z) in cylindrical coordinates, and as (r, f, u) in spherical coordinates, where the distances x, y, z, and r and the angles f and u are as shown in Fig. 2–3. Then the temperature at a point (x, y, z) at time t in rectangular coor-dinates is expressed as T(x, y, z, t). The best coordinate system for a given, Map coordinates and geolocation technology play a crucial role in today’s digital world. From navigation apps to location-based services, these technologies have become an integral part of our daily lives., A projected coordinate system is composed of a geographic coordinate system and a map projection together. ... – Planar – Cylindrical – Conic Azimuthal Cylindrical Conic The process of flattening the earth will cause distortions in one or more of the following ... Spherical Trigonometry, For The Use Of Colleges And Schools, With Numerous ..., The very definition of frustration: You and your significant other or roommate arrive home after work and discover you each remembered to stop for milk—but neither of you bought cat food. ZipList puts an end to uncoordinated shopping trips...., (2, 2π 3 , −2) (ρ, θ, φ) = convert the point from cylindrical coordinates to spherical coordinates. (2, 2π 3 , −2). (ρ, θ, φ) ..., equation, and Laplace equation, considered in various standard coordinate systems--rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical. Each of the equations is derived in the three-dimensional context; the solutions are organized according to the geometry of the coordinate system, which makes the mathematics especially transparent., A coordinate system measured on the surface of a sphere and expressed as angular distances, Cylindrical Coordinates. Cylindrical coordinates are essentially polar coordinates in R 3. ℝ^3. R 3. Remember, polar coordinates specify the location of a point using the distance from the origin and the angle formed with the positive x x x axis when traveling to that point. Cylindrical coordinates use those those same coordinates, and add z ... , described in cylindrical coordinates as r= g(z). The coordinate change transformationT(r,θ,z) = (rcos(θ),rsin(θ),z), produces the same integration factor ras in polar coordinates. ZZ T(R) f(x,y,z) dxdydz= ZZ R g(r,θ,z) r drdθdz Remember also that spherical coordinates use ρ, the distance to the origin as well as two angles:, Question: convert the point from cylindrical coordinates to spherical coordinates. (2, 2π 3 , −2) (ρ, θ, φ) = convert the point from cylindrical coordinates to spherical coordinates. (2, 2π 3 , −2), Figure 1: Standard relations between cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems. The origin is the same for all three. The origin is the same for all three. The positive z -axes of the cartesian and cylindrical systems coincide with the positive polar axis of the spherical system., Definition: spherical coordinate system. In the spherical coordinate system, a point P in space (Figure 12.7.9) is represented by the ordered triple (ρ, θ, φ) where. ρ (the Greek letter rho) is the distance between P and the origin (ρ ≠ 0); θ is the same angle used to describe the location in cylindrical coordinates;, Jan 21, 2022 · Example #2 – Cylindrical To Spherical Coordinates. Now, let’s look at another example. If the cylindrical coordinate of a point is ( 2, π 6, 2), let’s find the spherical coordinate of the point. This time our goal is to change every r and z into ρ and ϕ while keeping the θ value the same, such that ( r, θ, z) ⇔ ( ρ, θ, ϕ). , 8.1 In the cylindrical coordinate system 12 8.2 In the spherical coordinate system 13 9 Heat flux of the relativistic fluids 14 9.1 Heat flux in the cylindrical coordinate system 14 9.2 Heat flux in the spherical coordinate system 14 10 Heat flux energy momentum tensor 14 10.1 Heat flux energy momentum tensor in the cylindrical coordinate 15, Electronics P.E Prep - Relative Stability Vector Analysis: Spherical Coordinates Part 1 Battery Characteristics Amp-Hour Watt-Hour and C rating Books That Help You Understand Calculus And Physics simple formula to calculate batteries requied BEST BOOKS ON PHYSICS (subject wise) Bsc , Msc, Example 9: Convert the equation x2 +y2 =z to cylindrical coordinates and spherical coordinates. Solution: For cylindrical coordinates, we know that r2 =x2 +y2. Hence, we have r2 =z or r =± z For spherical coordinates, we let x =ρsinφ cosθ, y =ρsinφ sinθ, and z =ρcosφ to obtain (ρsinφ cosθ)2 +(ρsinφ sinθ)2 =ρcosφ, Nov 16, 2022 · The third equation is just an acknowledgement that the z z -coordinate of a point in Cartesian and polar coordinates is the same. Likewise, if we have a point in Cartesian coordinates the cylindrical coordinates can be found by using the following conversions. r =√x2 +y2 OR r2 = x2+y2 θ =tan−1( y x) z =z r = x 2 + y 2 OR r 2 = x 2 + y 2 θ ... , (r, f, z) in cylindrical coordinates, and as (r, f, u) in spherical coordinates, where the distances x, y, z, and r and the angles f and u are as shown in Fig. 2–3. Then the temperature at a point (x, y, z) at time t in rectangular coor-dinates is expressed as T(x, y, z, t). The best coordinate system for a given, Nov 16, 2022 · First, we need to recall just how spherical coordinates are defined. The following sketch shows the relationship between the Cartesian and spherical coordinate systems. Here are the conversion formulas for spherical coordinates. x = ρsinφcosθ y = ρsinφsinθ z = ρcosφ x2+y2+z2 = ρ2 x = ρ sin φ cos θ y = ρ sin φ sin θ z = ρ cos φ ... , (2, 2π 3 , −2) (ρ, θ, φ) = convert the point from cylindrical coordinates to spherical coordinates. (2, 2π 3 , −2). (ρ, θ, φ) ..., Convert spherical to cylindrical coordinates using a calculator. Using Fig.1 below, the trigonometric ratios and Pythagorean theorem, it can be shown that the relationships between spherical coordinates (ρ,θ,ϕ) ( ρ, θ, ϕ) and cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) ( r, θ, z) are as follows: r = ρsinϕ r = ρ sin ϕ , θ = θ θ = θ , z ...